среда, 7. мај 2014.

Za početni nivo - A1 - pasiv

Pasiv (the Passive Voice)


Pasiv (Passive Voice) je konstrukcija koja se sastoji od subjekta, pomoćnog glagola to be i prošlog participa glavnog glagola. Pasiv se mnogo češće koristi u engleskom nego u sprskom jeziku i to u sledećim situacijama
1.kada vršilac radnje nije poznat:
John’s car was stolen last night.
 Džonova kola su ukradena prošle noći (ne znamo ko je to uradio)
2.kada vršilac radnje nije bitan, ili se podrazumeva:
Football is played all over the world.
Fudbal se igra širom sveta (igraju ga svi – od dece do profesionalaca)
3.kada se naglašava radnja a ne vršilac radnje, kada je vršilac očigledan:
10 000 car will be produced next year.
10000 automobila biće proizvedeno sledeće godine. (znamo da  će ih praviti radnici, naglašavamo koliko će ih biti napravljeno)

Pravila koja važe za upotrebu određenih glagolskih oblika u aktivnom obliku, ista su i za pasivne oblike.

građenje: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

       1.    Vežbanje: napravi pasiv od sledećih pravilnih glagola – sledi primer
play – am, is, are played


visit
ask
discover
clean
paint
study



2.    Dopuni rečenice sa am/is/are
Classrooms _____________cleaned every day.
I ____________asked by my teachers.
Students ____________asked many questions.
The museum ___________visited every day.
His room ____________painted every year.
Basketball __________played everywhere.

3.    Rasporedi glagole tako da rečenice imaju smisla, ako postoji reč koju ne razumeš, pitaj šta znači i zapiši je:
isn't drunk  / aren't produced  /aren't sold / is recycled / is spoken / are made /
are watched /is made
Top of Form
1.      Glass____________________ (recycle) in Britain.
2.      These stereos __________________________ (not / produce) in Japan.
3.      Alcohol _____________________ (not / drink) in schools.
4.      Jam_________________________ (make) from fruit.
5.      French______________________ (speak) in some parts of Canada.
6.      The Olympic Games___________________ (watch) by millions of people.
7.      Cars_______________________ (make) in Poland.
8.      Sandwiches_______________________ (not / sell) in banks.
Bottom of Form


4.    Koristi tabelu da napraviš rečenice (bar 4 rečenice):
I
John
Houses
They
Football
Basketball
You


am
is
are

played
asked
visited
cleaned
painted



every day
every month
every year



Od aktivne rečenice se pravi pasivna na sledeći način:
Active
Tesla invented alternating current.
1.Prvo analizirajte rečenicu:
·         Tesla – subjekat
·         invented – predikat u gl.obliku Past Simple Tense
·         alternating current – objekat
2.objekat aktivne rečenice (alternating current) postaje subjekat pasivne
3.dodajemo glagol TO BE koji će biti u vremenu u kom je glagol glavne rečenice; u ovom slučaju to je Simple Past (be → was)
4.dodajemo prošli particip pomoćnog glagola (invent – invented)
5.u ovom slučaju pominjemo vršioca radnje jer je bitan dodajemo predlog by a zatim i subjekat aktivne rečenice (by Tesla)

Passive
Аlternating current was invented by Tesla


Tenses
To Be
Adjectives of time
Simple Present
Am/is/are
Usually, often, always, sometimes, rarely, seldom, every (day)
Present Continuous
Am/is/are being
Now, at the/this moment
Simple Past
Was/were
Yesterday, the day before yesterday, in (2004), last (week), (a week) ago
Past Continuous
Was/were being
All day long, the whole (afternoon), when / while + another sentence
Present Perfect
Have/has been
Ever, never, since, for, recently, lately, already, yet, just, this (week), today
Past Perfect
Had been
As soon as, before / after + another sentence (usually in Past Simple)
Modals*
(can, may, will, must...)
Can* be
(will be / may be / must be...)

/



Za početni nivo - A1 -- drugi deo (vežbanja)

EXERCISES

The verb “to be”

  1. Write the personal pronoun he, she, it, we, they

1). Tom - ____________________
2). Mary and I - _______________
3) a book - ___________________
4). Children - _________________
5). Mum - ____________________
6). a hospital - _________________
7) Liza and Tom _______________
8) France - ___________________


  1. Complete the sentences with is, am or are

  1. My name’s Marie. I …… from Spain.
  2. You …… from Bulgaria.
  3. This is Pierre. He…… a teacher.
  4. My name’s Louise. I …. From Scotland. I ….sixteen.
  5. This is Natasha. She ….. from Russia.
  6. This is Pierre and his son Riko. They …… from Monaco.
  7. My friend …….. ten years old. He ….a student.
  8. We …..shop assistants. We work for TESCO.
  9. You …….in the room.
  10. Tom and Mark ……in the park. They……friends.


Make these negative:
*      Mary is twelve years old. _____________________________________
*      I´m a student. ______________________________________________
*      They are Portuguese. ________________________________________
*      He is my best friend.________________________________________
*      We are friends.      __________________________________________
*      Mark and Mary are twins. __________________________________        
*      You are a teacher. _______________________________________________
*      Mark is tall.  _______________________________________________
*      They are my students. ________________________________________
*      It is a blue book.  ____________________________________________


  1. Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

  1. Ann / I’m / Hello
  2. from / Where / you / ‘re ?
  3. your / What’s / name ?
  4. My / Louise / ‘s / name
  5. England / ‘s / he
  6. What / job / ‘s / her ?
  7. a / She / ‘s / hairdresser
  8. old / How / you / are ?
  9. 17 / ‘m / I
  10. ‘re / from / Brazil / They
  11. are / How / you ? Fine, thanks
  12. address / ‘s / What / your ?
  13. married / he / is ?
  14. I / not / married / ‘m .
  15. Ken / England / is / from / too ?
  16. phone / What / ‘s / number / his


  1. Write YES or NO

1.   Are you married?    …………., I am.
2.   Is he a teacher?  ……….. , he isn’t
3.   Are they from Scotland?  ………, they are.
  1. Is Emily Polish?  …….. she, isn’t.
  2. Are Tom and Susan married?  ………… , they aren’t
  3. Is this his car?  ……….. it is.


5. Read the information in the table below and finish the questions:

Name

Mark Stevenson

Country
The United States
Address
124 Broadway Avenue, NY
Phone Number
243 566 78907
Age
35
Job
Actor
Married
No

  1. What’s his ………..?
Mark Stevenson

  1. Where’s he ……….?
He’s from USA

  1. What’s his ……….?
124, Boradway Ave, NY

  1. What’s his ………….  ………………?
243 566 78907

  1. How old ……… ………….?
He’s 35

  1. What’s his …………..?
He’s an actor.

  1. Is he …………?
No, he isn’t.

ANSWER
1.      What is your name?
2.      How old are you?
3.      What is your favourite colour?
4.      What is your favourite fruit?

MAKE QUESTIONS
1.       Banana is yellow.
2.       Sally is at home. 
3.       They are playing games.
FILL IN WITH AM/IS/ARE


London ________ in England.  
 The Pyramids __________ in Egypt.  
The bank _______ one kilometre from here.
This hotel _________ nice.  
I__________ hungry. 
My parents __________ doctors. 
This __________ my sister.
Ann and Tom ___________ my children.
That_____________ a nice house.
Rex _____________ a dog. 
‘Avatar’ ___________________ a film.


The Present Continuous
The Present Continuous je glagolski oblik koji se gradi od prezenta glagola  be i glavnog glagola sa nastavkom -ing :
Korišćenje
1. Koristimo ga za radnje koje se dešavaju u sadašnjosti:
  • Za ono što se dešava u trenutku govora:
    • I’m just leaving work. I’ll be home in an hour.
    • Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
·         Za radnju koja traje neko vreme u sadašnjosti, a privremena je:  Michael is at university. He’s studying history.  I’m working in London for the next two weeks.
·         Da pokažemo da se nešto menja, raste i razvija:
The children are growing quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.

Affirmative sentences:

I am playing volleyball.
He/she/it is playing volleyball. 
We/you/they are playing volleyball.

Negative sentences:

I am not playing volleyball.
He/she/it is not playing volleyball. 
We/you/they are not playing volleyball.

Questions:


Am I playing volleyball?
Is he/she/it playing volleyball? 
Are we/you/they playing volleyball?

Za početni nivo - A1 -- prvi deo

Lesson 1
BE – biti
Ovaj glagol se koristi sa:
Names - imenima
Hello, I’m John.
A number to show your age – brojem, da izrazite koliko imate godina
How old are you? 
I’m 17.
Places - mestima
London is in England.   
The Pyramids are in Egypt. 
The bank is one kilometre from here.
Adjectives - pridevima
This hotel is nice.  
I’m hungry. 
Jobs and family – poslovima,
članovima porodice
I’m a student. 
My parents are doctors.
This is my sister.
Ann and Tom are my children.
Other nouns – drugim imenicama
Rex is a dog. 
‘Avatar’ is a film.
adjective + noun – pridevom + imenicom
That’s a nice house. 
She’s a good actor.
POTVRDNE REČENICE
I
am / ‘m
cold / hungry
a student / a teacher
at home / in the kitchen
You / We / They
are / ’re
He / She / It
is / ‘s
ODRIČNE REČENICE
I
am not / ‘m not
cold / hungry
a student / a teacher
at home / in the kitchen
You / We / They
are not / aren’t / ’re not
He / She / It
is not / isn’t  / ‘s not




UPITNE REČENICE
Am
I
cold / hungry?
a student / a teacher?
at home / in the kitchen?
Are
you / we / they
Is
he / she / it
KRATKI ODGOVORI
Yes,
I am.
you are.
he / she / it is.
we are.
they are.

No,
I’m not.
you aren’t / you’re not.
he isn’t / he’s not.
we aren’t / we’re not.
they aren’t / they’re not.
SKRAĆIVANJE
Glagol be ima pun i skraćen oblik. I am = I’m…  He is = He’s
Skraćeni oblik se kroristi u neformalnom obliku (‘m / ‘s / ‘re) u govoru i neformalnom pisanju. U formalnom pisanju se koriste cele reči.

Glagol ne možete uvek skratiti – skraćujete ‘be’ posle zamenice (I, you, he, she, we, they) i imenica
What is your name? => What’s your name?
But do not contract ‘are’ after question words.
Where are you from? => Where’re you from? 


Nema skraćivanja posle kratkih odgovora:
Yes, I am NOT Yes, I’m

Više o onome što je planirano http://www.examenglish.com/grammar/a1_grammar.html

Whatsapp Abbreviations

find out more: https://grammarvocab.com/short-forms-of-words-used-in-whatsapp/